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  • Debian 12 只安装VNC及i3桌面,就可以低成本的实现远程桌面环境

    安装

    # 安装通用工具
    apt-get install -y nano net-tools bzip2 procps apt-utils iputils-ping netcat-openbsd
    # 安装中文字体
    apt-get install -y locales fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-wqy-zenhei xfonts-wqy && \
        sed -i -e "s/# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/" /etc/locale.gen && \
        locale-gen zh_CN.UTF-8 &&\
        update-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
    # 安装VNC
    apt-get install -y tigervnc-standalone-server
    # 安装i3桌面
    apt-get install -y i3-wm i3status i3blocks dmenu xfonts-base terminator dbus-x11 libdbus-glib-1-2 ; apt-get purge -y pm-utils *screensaver*
    
    apt-get clean
    

    配置i3桌面

    ~/.config/i3/config

    # This file has been auto-generated by i3-config-wizard(1).
    # It will not be overwritten, so edit it as you like.
    #
    # Should you change your keyboard layout some time, delete
    # this file and re-run i3-config-wizard(1).
    #
    
    # i3 config file (v4)
    #
    # Please see https://i3wm.org/docs/userguide.html for a complete reference!
    
    set $mod Mod1
    
    # Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
    # is used in the bar {} block below.
    
    # This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
    # text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
    #font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8
    font pango:monospace 8
    
    # Start XDG autostart .desktop files using dex. See also
    # https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/XDG_Autostart
    # exec --no-startup-id dex --autostart --environment i3
    
    # The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
    # they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.
    
    # xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
    # screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
    # exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork
    
    # NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
    # and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
    # exec --no-startup-id nm-applet
    
    # Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
    # set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
    # bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
    # bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
    # bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
    # bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
    
    # Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
    floating_modifier $mod
    
    # move tiling windows via drag & drop by left-clicking into the title bar,
    # or left-clicking anywhere into the window while holding the floating modifier.
    tiling_drag modifier titlebar
    
    # start a terminal
    bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal
    
    # kill focused window
    bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill
    
    # start dmenu (a program launcher)
    bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id dmenu_run
    # A more modern dmenu replacement is rofi:
    # bindcode $mod+40 exec "rofi -modi drun,run -show drun"
    # There also is i3-dmenu-desktop which only displays applications shipping a
    # .desktop file. It is a wrapper around dmenu, so you need that installed.
    # bindcode $mod+40 exec --no-startup-id i3-dmenu-desktop
    
    # change focus
    bindsym $mod+j focus left
    bindsym $mod+k focus down
    bindsym $mod+l focus up
    bindsym $mod+semicolon focus right
    
    # alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
    bindsym $mod+Left focus left
    bindsym $mod+Down focus down
    bindsym $mod+Up focus up
    bindsym $mod+Right focus right
    
    # move focused window
    bindsym $mod+Shift+j move left
    bindsym $mod+Shift+k move down
    bindsym $mod+Shift+l move up
    bindsym $mod+Shift+semicolon move right
    
    # alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right
    
    # split in horizontal orientation
    bindsym $mod+h split h
    
    # split in vertical orientation
    bindsym $mod+v split v
    
    # enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
    bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle
    
    # change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
    bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
    bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
    bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split
    
    # toggle tiling / floating
    bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle
    
    # change focus between tiling / floating windows
    bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle
    
    # focus the parent container
    bindsym $mod+a focus parent
    
    # focus the child container
    #bindsym $mod+d focus child
    
    # Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
    # We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
    set $ws1 "1"
    set $ws2 "2"
    set $ws3 "3"
    set $ws4 "4"
    set $ws5 "5"
    set $ws6 "6"
    set $ws7 "7"
    set $ws8 "8"
    set $ws9 "9"
    set $ws10 "10"
    
    # switch to workspace
    bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
    bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
    bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
    bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
    bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
    bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
    bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
    bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
    bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
    bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10
    
    # move focused container to workspace
    bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
    bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
    bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
    bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
    bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
    bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
    bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
    bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
    bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
    bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10
    
    # reload the configuration file
    bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
    # restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
    bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
    # exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
    bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"
    
    # resize window (you can also use the mouse for that)
    mode "resize" {
            # These bindings trigger as soon as you enter the resize mode
    
            # Pressing left will shrink the window’s width.
            # Pressing right will grow the window’s width.
            # Pressing up will shrink the window’s height.
            # Pressing down will grow the window’s height.
            bindsym j resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
            bindsym k resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
            bindsym l resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
            bindsym semicolon resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
    
            # same bindings, but for the arrow keys
            bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
            bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
            bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
            bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt
    
            # back to normal: Enter or Escape or $mod+r
            bindsym Return mode "default"
            bindsym Escape mode "default"
            bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
    }
    
    bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
    
    # Start i3bar to display a workspace bar (plus the system information i3status
    # finds out, if available)
    bar {
            status_command i3status -c $HOME/.config/i3/status.conf
    }
    
    # exec_always $HOME/chrome-startup
    

    ~/.config/i3/status.conf

    linux vnc tigerVNC i3 debian Created Tue, 12 Aug 2025 19:01:37 +0800