https://blog.cuile.com/tags/qmue%5Ckvm/Recent content in Qmue\kvm on 瘦了就帅了Hugozh-cnTue, 14 Apr 2026 08:32:46 +0000https://blog.cuile.com/post/alpine_linux/install/Sun, 19 Jun 2022 11:46:55 +0800https://blog.cuile.com/post/alpine_linux/install/<p>特点：</p> <ol> <li>小巧：基于musl libc 和 busybox，和 busybox一样小巧，最小的Docker镜像只有5MB。</li> <li>安全：面向安全的轻量发行版</li> <li>简单：提供APK包管理工具，软件的搜索、安装、删除、升级都非常方便。</li> <li>适合容器使用：由于小巧、功能完备，非常适合作为容器的基础镜像。</li> </ol> <p>不同版本：</p> <ul> <li>STANDARD：最小的可启动镜像，需要网络才能安装。带有Intel, AMD等CPU的微代码。</li> <li>VIRTUAL：与STANDARD类似，但更小，更适合虚拟系统使用。</li> <li>EXTENDED：包括最常用的软件包。适用于路由器和服务器。从RAM运行。扩展版本，带有更多软件包。</li> <li>XEN：内置XEN Hypervisor支持。</li> <li>NETBOOT：netboot的内核、initramfs和modloop。</li> <li>RASPBERRY PI：带有树莓派内核的版本。</li> <li>GENERIC ARM：带有ARM内核，带有uboot加载器。</li> <li>MINI ROOT FILESYSTEM：最小系统版本，仅包含内核，只用于构建Docker镜像。</li> </ul> <h2 id="1-准备系统">1. 准备系统</h2> <p>Alpine 有许多版本，其中 VIRTUAL 是专门针对虚拟环境优化过的，所以主要使用这个版本来安装。</p> <p><a href="https://www.alpinelinux.org/downloads/">https://www.alpinelinux.org/downloads/</a></p> <h2 id="2-登录">2. 登录</h2> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 使用启动盘启动后，直接使用 root 登录系统</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>localhost login: root </span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="3-安装">3. 安装</h2> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>localhost:~# setup-alpine </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 选择键盘布局</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 这里两个都选 cn 或都不选</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Select keyboard layout: <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>none<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> cn </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Select variant <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;abort&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span>: cn </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置主机名</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter system hostname <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>fully qualified form, e.g. <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;foo.example.org&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>localhost<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> home </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置网络</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Which one <span style="color:#66d9ef">do</span> you want to initialize? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span> or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;done&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>eth0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> eth0 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Ip address <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> eth0? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;dhcp&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>dhcp<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> dhcp </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Do you want to <span style="color:#66d9ef">do</span> any manual network configuration? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>y/n<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>n<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> n </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># or 手动输入IP地址</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Ip address <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> eth0? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;dhcp&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>dhcp<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> 192.168.10.16/24 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Gateway? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>none<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> 192.168.10.10 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Do you want to <span style="color:#66d9ef">do</span> any manual network configuration? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>y/n<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>n<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> n </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>DNS domain name? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>e.g <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;bar.com&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>DNS nameserver<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>s<span style="color:#f92672">)</span>? 114.114.114.114 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置密码</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>New password: </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Retype password: </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置时区</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># PRC 代理中国，也可以输入 Asia/，再输入 Shanghai</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Which timezone are you in? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>UTC<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> PRC </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设备代理</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>HTTP/FTP proxy URL? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>e.g. <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;http://proxy:8080&#39;</span>, or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>none<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> none </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置更新源</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># f 是自动测试并选择最快的源，建议使用</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter mirror number <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>1-74<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> or URL to add <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or r/f/e/done<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>1<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> f </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># </span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Setup a user? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>enter a lower-case loginname, or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;no&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>no<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> no </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置ssh服务</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Which ssh server? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;openssh&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;dropbear&#39;</span>, or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>openssh<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> openssh </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 这里一定要输入 yes </span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 许多教程都说 Alpine 默认没有远程登录，都上手动修改，其实是可以在安装时就设备好的</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Allow root ssh login? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> help<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>prohibit-password<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> yes </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Enter ssh key or URL <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> root <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>none<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> none </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 设置磁盘</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Which disk<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>s<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> would you like to use? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> help or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;none&#39;</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>none<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> sda </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>How would you like to use it? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;sys&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;data&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;crypt&#39;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;lvm&#39;</span> or <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;?&#39;</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> help<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>?<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> sys </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>WARNING: Erase the aboue disk<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>s<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> and <span style="color:#66d9ef">continue</span>? <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>y/n<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>n<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> y </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>... </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Installation is complete. Please reboot. </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 到这里安装全部完成</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="31-自动安装">3.1. 自动安装</h3> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 准备应答文件</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><ul> <li><a href="https://docs.alpinelinux.org/user-handbook/0.1a/Installing/setup_alpine.html#_answer_files">Answer Files</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="4-命令重启电脑">4. 命令重启电脑</h2> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>home:~# reboot </span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="5-关闭防火墙">5. 关闭防火墙</h2> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>home:~# rc-service iptables stop </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>home:~# rc-update del iptables </span></span></code></pre></div>